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13th Biennial Challenger Conference for Marine Science8th -11th September 2008 |
Eric Achterberg, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, UK (Abstract)
Michael Bender, Princeton University, USA
Gary Carvalho, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, UK (Abstract)
Keith Haines, Environmental Systems Science Centre, Reading University, UK
Thomas Stocker, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
Doug Wallace, Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany
Richard Wood, Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
Harry Bryden, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, UK
Eric Achterberg, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton
Conference Theme: Oceans atmosphere and biogeochemical cycling.
Keynote lecture: Thursday 09.05
Atmosphere-ocean interactions and marine productivity
Abstract
Eric Achterberg obtained a MSc in Environmental Chemistry at the University of Wageningen (The Netherlands). He obtained his PhD in Chemical Oceanography at the University of Liverpool in 1993, where he spent another year as a postdoc. He worked at the University of Plymouth, before moving to the National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, in 2004. In 2007, he was appointed Professor of Marine Biogeochemistry at NOCS.
Eric’s open ocean research interests are in the interaction between nutrients (Fe, N, P) and ocean productivity. The role of Fe, N and P in oceanic production, including diazotrophy, is a current topic of investigation through laboratory and ship-board experiments (with Kiel, Liverpool, Stanford and Essex). Aerosol dust inputs to the oceans, as a source of nutrients, constitute a central theme in the work. Studies are undertaken in the tropical, subtropical and high latitude Atlantic Ocean, but also in the Southern Ocean (with BAS). Eric has published >90 refereed research articles and book chapters.
Michael Bender, Princeton University
Conference Theme: Biological, physical and chemical processes and interactions
Keynote lecture: Tuesday 09.05
The distribution of net and gross production in the oceans
Abstract
Michael Bender received a B. S. in Chemistry from Carnegie-Mellon University, where he was introduced to geochemistry by Truman Kohman. He did his Ph. D. in Geology at Columbia University with Wallace Broecker. After a brief postdoc, he moved to the Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, where he taught for 25 years. In 1997, he moved to Princeton.
Bender's research has centered on two themes. One is glacial-interglacial climate change, and the other is the global carbon cycle. Since 1984, Bender's paleoclimate research has involved measuring gas properties in ice cores to date critical climate changes of the ice ages, and to advance our understanding of changes in the biosphere on glacial-interglacial timescales. The carbon cycle research involves studies characterizing the fertility of ecosystems at the global scale, at the scale of ocean basins, and at regional to local scales within the oceans.
Much current work in Bender's lab involves making highly precise measurements of the concentration and isotopic composition of O2 in air, in seawater, and in ice core trapped gases as a means of studying both the geochronology of climate change and the carbon cycle at a range of scales. Bender's past work has also included studies of trace element assimilation by carbonate tests, seawater trace metal geochemistry, hydrothermal processes on the flanks of mid-ocean ridges, diagenesis of organic matter in deep sea sediment pore waters, and the history of the seawater Sr isotope composition.
Harry Bryden, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton
Public lecture: Tuesday 20.00
Monitoring the Atlantic Overturning Circulation at 26°N
Abstract
Prof. Bryden received his Ph.D. in 1975 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program for research on the kinematics and dynamics of mid ocean eddies. He spent two years at Oregon State University as a Postdoctoral Research Associate working on the dynamics and energetics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and then returned to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for a series of studies on ocean heat transport. He moved to Southampton in 1992, crisscrossing the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans as part of the global hydrographic survey during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment while working initially in the James Rennell Centre, next in the Southampton Oceanography Centre and now in the School of Ocean and Earth Science. His recent research has focussed on ocean climate change, monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, the role of ocean heat and freshwater transports in maintaining the global climate system, the structure and energetics of western boundary currents and the dynamics of the flow through the Strait of Gibraltar and its control of the circulation in the Mediterranean Sea. He was awarded the Henry Stommel Research Medal by the American Meteorological Society in 2003 and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 2005.
Gary Carvalho, Bangor University
Conference Theme: Biological, physical and chemical processes and interactions.
Keynote lecture: Wednesday 09.05
Dispersal and connectivity in the oceans: integrated genetic and physical tools for assessing scale and dynamics
Gary Carvalho received his Ph.D. in Ecological genetics from Bangor University in 1985. He was a professor at the University of Hull for 7 years before coming back to Bangor and is now Professor of Molecular Ecology, Dept. Biological Sciences/Environment Centre for Wales.
Using primarily DNA-based tools, his research is aimed at the elucidation of fundamental aspects of a species' biology such as patterns of dispersal and gene flow, evolution of life histories and behaviour, response to environmental stress, and mechanisms of speciation, as well as the application of molecular tools to the management and conservation of exploited aquatic species from temperate, tropical and Antarctic marine and freshwater ecosystems. Research includes the molecular analysis of population and species biodiversity of aquatic animals, with studies aimed at understanding the forces that shape genetic structure in the wild, and how such structure may influence adaptation, population persistence and distribution. Notable areas of activity include: the evolution and ecological significance of population differentiation, phylogeography and phylogenetics of aquatic taxa, the molecular analysis of past populations using PCR-based recovery of DNA (ancient DNA) from resting eggs and preserved material (e.g. fish otoliths and scales), DNA barcoding, traceability of fish and fish products, the evolutionary genetics of clonal animals, the evolution of adaptive traits using molecular, genomic and quantitative genetic analysis, and fisheries and conservation genetics of exploited fish in temperate, tropical and Antarctic waters. Recent significant investment in the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), especially in exploited marine fishes provide new approaches to tackling structuring in the marine environment and the identification of candidate genes.
He has served on the editorial board of, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Heredity, Molecular Ecology, Conservation Genetics, Proceedings of Royal Society, London, B. and is currently editor for Fish and Fisheries. He has also been a member of numerous national and international committees.
Keith Haines, ESSC, Reading.
Conference Theme: Observing and modelling the oceans.
Keynote lecture: Wednesday 09.05
What can we learn from assimilating ocean data into models?
Keith Haines is BMT professor of Marine Informatics at Reading University. He has worked for many years on ocean data assimilation, developing new algorithms for altimeter and in situ ocean data, several of which are used in operational centres. His main interests are in ocean synthesis products and the capturing of climate related signals in the oceans. He is currently involved in the Rapid Climate change project and in particular assessing the
reproduction of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation and associated water
mass transformations in ocean models. He is also interested in initialisation of the ocean component of coupled models for seasonal to interannual prediction. He is PI for the Climate theme of NERCs National Centre for Earth Observation. He also works on environmental informatics and is Director of the Reading e-Science Centre where he is interested in remote viewing services such as Google Maps, and in easy to use Grid tools for running climate models on shared compute clusters.
Keith Haines graduated in Natural Sciences from Cambridge and did a PhD at Imperial College in Dynamical Meteorology. He spent 2 years in the US at MIT before becoming Lecturer, and then Reader, in the Meteorology department at Edinburgh University. He moved to Reading University in March 2001.
Thomas Stocker
Thomas Stocker obtained a PhD of ETH Zürich in 1987 and a Dr. Honoris Causa of the University of Versailles (France) in 2006. He held research positions at the University College London, McGill University (Montreal), Columbia University (New York) and at the University of Hawai'i. Since 1993 he is Professor of Climate and Environmental Physics at the University of Bern.
Thomas Stocker has published over 120 papers in the area of climate dynamics and paleoclimate modeling and reconstruction. Stocker served as a Coordinating Lead Author in Third and Fourth Assessment Reports of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Doug Wallace
Doug Wallace obtained a BSc in Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia. In 1985 he obtained his PhD in Chemical Oceanography from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada and was a postdoc. at the nearby Bedford Institute of Oceanography before moving to Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, New York. After 11 years at Brookhaven, he was appointed Professor of Marine Chemistry at the Institut für Meereskunde in Kiel, Germany. At Kiel he was Head of the Marine Bigeochemistry Research Division from 2000 to 2007 and was also Deputy-Director of the newly-founded Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenshaften from 2004-2007.
Doug's research interests have ranged from use of chlorofluorocarbons and related compounds as ocean tracers, coastal oceanography, the fate of anthropogenic carbon in the oceans and the production and sea-to-air flux of naturally produced halocarbons. Presently, his interests are focussing more and more on the biogeochemistry of the tropical oceans, and he is working with several other groups to establish the Cape Verde Atmosphere-Ocean Observatory via the EU project TENATSO.
In January 2007, Doug Wallace was appointed Chair of International SOLAS.
Richard Wood
Richard Wood completed a degree in mathematics at Cambridge University, and following a spell in the electronics industry, a PhD in geophysical fluid dynamics at Exeter University. He was a lecturer in applied mathematics at Southampton University for two years, before joining the Met Office in 1989, where he was a founder member of the Hadley Centre. He is currently Head of Climate, Cryosphere and Oceans at the Hadley Centre. He was appointed a Met Office Fellow in 2004.
Richard's research has focused on modelling the role of the oceans in climate change. Particular areas of interest are modelling changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, understanding changes in water masses and their implications for changes in the large scale hydrological cycle, and effective design of ocean observing systems for climate. He has been involved in a number of wider national and international projects including the NERC RAPID programme and the UK-Japan Climate Collaboration (UJCC). Over the past 10 years Richard has contributed extensively as a lead author to the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
